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1.5m ratings 277k ratings see, that’s what the app is perfect for. sounds perfect wahhhh, i don’t wanna the offical tumblr feed of https://oncology.pub posts likes following archive dog sniffs out lung cancer, but something’s fishy new post has been published on https://oncology.pub/breast-cancer/dog-sniffs-out-lung-cancer-but-somethings-fishy dog sniffs out lung cancer, but something’s fishy toronto — a trained dog can distinguish between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules in exhaled breath samples from patients with and those without pulmonary nodules virtually 100% of the time, new research suggests. “in theory, nearly all dogs can be trained to detect volatile organic compounds [vocs], which are contained in exhaled breath samples from patients with malignant pulmonary nodules,” lead author angela guirao, md, a thoracic surgeon from the hospital clinic of barcelona in spain, told medscape medical news. “now the challenge is to identify the voc pattern detected by the dogs,” she added. the prospective, controlled study was designed to see whether a trained dog could discriminate between patients with and those without malignant pulmonary nodules by sniffing exhaled breath samples from 30 patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules; 25 of the samples were subsequently identified as stage 1a disease. the new data were presented here at the 19th world conference on lung cancer (wclc). breath samples were collected prior to the patients’ undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic surgery. breath samples were also taken from 18 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 61 healthy control persons. tubes containing the breath samples were placed in wooden boxes that had an opening to enable the dog to smell the sample. the boxes were then randomly placed on the floor. the dog was then allowed to sniff all the boxes. when a sample from a patient with a malignant pulmonary nodule was identified, the dog would sit before the box, where he would be rewarded with a treat. in total, the dog was introduced to 90 samples of exhaled gas from patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (three per patient) and another 372 samples from patients without pulmonary nodules. “the dog was confronted 10 times to each sample of pulmonary nodules with different combinations of no lung cancer exhaled gas samples,” the investigators explained. of a total of 900 attempts, the dog got the right answer 879 times, guirao reported. the dog also matched the pathology analysis in detecting 27 malignant nodules and three benign nodules from the whole sample, she added. thus, the dog achieved successful results with a 97% sensitivity, a 99% specificity, a 97% positive predictive value, and a 99% negative predictive value. “these results indicate that trained dogs can accurately identify a malignant solitary pulmonary nodule,” guirao said. does it pass the smell full article source: oncology.pub lung cancer medscape-article oct 1st, 2018 open in app facebook tweet reddit mail embed permalink endogenous retroviruses may unlock new immunotherapy targets new post has been published on https://oncology.pub/breast-cancer/endogenous-retroviruses-may-unlock-new-immunotherapy-targets endogenous retroviruses may unlock new immunotherapy targets future epigenetic drugs could activate human endogenous retroviruses (hervs) in cancer cells to enable immunotherapy, investigators suggest. activated hervs may sensitize cancer cells or serve as novel tumor-associated antigenic targets, reported anders steenholdt attermann, phd, of the department of micro- and nanotechnology at the technical university of denmark in kongens lyngby, and colleagues. a remarkable 8% of the human genome is composed of hervs. “they are remnants of retroviral germline infections that resulted in chromosomal integration into all the cells of the progeny, but their viral replication is defective in the present-day human genome,” the authors wrote in annals of oncology. the therapeutic potential for these remnants is complex, as is their relationship with the immune system and neoplasia. studies dating back to 2002 have found unique associations between hervs and various types of cancer, including renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. “early data point towards distinct features for the expression profiles of different hervs,” the authors wrote, “but these characteristics remain to be fully elucidated. there may be substantial differences in their biological effects, potential roles in immune sensitization, and ability to form an antigen reservoir.” hervs may be activated by cancer or epigenetic drugs. while certain cancers may activate particular hervs into targetable antigens, other cancer-activated hervs actually shield tumors from the immune system. still other hervs require epigenetic drugs for activation, such as dna methyltransferase inhibitors. these drugs could transform hervs into “intrinsic adjuvants” or novel antigens; either of which may improve the efficacy of existing immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors. to leverage hervs for immunotherapy, a better understanding of immune tolerance is needed. some research suggests that since hervs share similarities with exogenous viruses, tolerance to hervs must be incomplete to allow for immune responses to exogenous viruses. in contrast, incomplete tolerance full article source: oncology.pub mdedge sep 28th, 2018 open in app facebook tweet reddit mail embed permalink jacob: dual her2 blockade falls short in metastatic gastric cancer new post has been published on https://oncology.pub/breast-cancer/jacob-dual-her2-blockade-falls-short-in-metastatic-gastric-cancer jacob: dual her2 blockade falls short in metastatic gastric cancer dual her2 blockade did not significantly improve overall survival, compared with standard treatment of metastatic her2-positive gastric cancer, according to final readouts from the international, double-blind jacob trial. after a median of 24.4 months of follow-up, median overall survival times were 17.5 months among patients who received pertuzumab in addition to standard trastuzumab therapy plus chemotherapy versus 14.2 months in the control arm (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.00; p = .057). the pertuzumab arm also had a higher incidence of moderate to severe diarrhea and more interruptions and dose modifications of chemotherapy, perhaps because of overlapping toxicities, wrote josep tabernero, md. of vall d’hebron university hospital and centro de investigación biomedica en red cancer, barcelona, and his colleagues. the report is in lancet oncology. gastric cancer remains the fifth most common cancer globally and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. for patients whose metastatic gastric tumors express high levels of her2, targeted trastuzumab therapy can significantly improve overall survival when added to standard chemotherapy with capecitabine or fluorouracil plus a platinum-based drug. pertuzumab binds to a her2 receptor protein epitope different from trastuzumab, and combination treatment with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab has been found to significantly increase overall survival for patients with her2-positive breast cancer. although gastric cancer displays more her2 heterogeneity than does breast cancer, dr. tabernero and his associates hypothesized that dual her2 blockade might show a similar result. accordingly, in the phase 3 jacob trial, 780 patients with her2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer were randomly assigned to receive treatment every 3 weeks with intravenous pertuzumab (840 mg) or placebo in addition to intravenous trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, then 6 mg/kg) plus either oral capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2 twice daily), intravenous cisplatin (80 mg/m2), or intravenous 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m2; 120-hour continuous infusion). the full article source: oncology.pub diarrhea gastric cancer m
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